Abstract of the scientific proposal

The brain serves as a central control unit of the body, tightly regulating fundamental physiological processes. Among these, metabolic control plays a crucial role in maintaining homeostasis across multiple systems, including the endocrine, immune, and central nervous systems. However, metabolic regulation is not a one-way process; peripheral tissues also exert significant influence on brain function. For instance, adipose tissue secretes hormones such as leptin and adiponectin, which regulate appetite and cognitive function. The liver produces metabolic signals that impact brain energy balance, while the gut microbiota influences neurotransmitter production and neuroinflammation.

A particularly important interaction exists between the brain and skeletal muscle. Muscle activity affects brain function through myokines—signaling molecules released during exercise—that have neuroprotective and cognitive benefits. For example, irisin, a myokine induced by physical activity, has been shown to enhance synaptic plasticity and support neurogenesis. These complex brain-periphery interactions are increasingly recognized as critical factors in both health and disease.

A notable pharmacological breakthrough highlighting this connection is the development of glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists—drugs that mimic a hormone produced not only by the brain but also by the gut. These therapies have revolutionized the treatment and prevention of conditions such as obesity, cardiovascular diseases, and diabetes, demonstrating the systemic nature of metabolic regulation.

Given the clinical and preclinical significance of brain-metabolism interactions, we propose organizing a dedicated school to explore the brain’s pivotal role in metabolic regulation, emphasizing its bidirectional communication with peripheral organs, including muscle, adipose tissue, and the gut.

Briefly description of the school format

The school will be organized over 4 days, with two seminar sessions in each day lasting roughly 2-3 hours. Each session will be composed of 2/3 speakers focusing on similar aspect, with a discussion involving students at the end of each seminar. Moreover, we will also have flash-talks given by students to